Understanding Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments Explained
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition affecting millions worldwide, yet it remains widely misunderstood. While it primarily manifests as facial redness, its symptoms can vary greatly and are often overlooked or mistaken for sunburn.
The causes of Rosacea are still unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and vascular factors, making it a complex condition to manage. Hence, understanding Rosacea is the first step towards managing its symptoms effectively.
Keep reading to learn more about this common skin condition and how you can take control of it.
What is Rosacea?
Rosacea (pronounced roh-ZAY-sha) is a long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face but can also impact other areas of the body, including the eyes. It is estimated to affect over 16 million people in the United States and up to 415 million globally, with the majority of them being unaware of their condition. Women are more prone to developing Rosacea than men.
Rosacea can manifest in different forms, often leading to pimples and swelling on the skin. While no cure exists, many treatments are available to help control symptoms and enhance the skin's appearance.
Types of Rosacea
There are four subtypes of Rosacea, each with unique symptoms and characteristics. These include:
Erythematotelangiectatic
This form of Rosacea is known for long-lasting redness that primarily affects the central face. Small, visible blood vessels may appear and often worsen with flare-ups. Over time, the redness can become more widespread and difficult to manage without proper care.
Papulopustular
Often confused with acne, this type involves red bumps and pus-filled breakouts on the face. These blemishes usually appear on the cheeks, forehead, and chin, sometimes accompanied by facial redness or flushing. In more severe cases, the breakouts may spread to the scalp, chest, or neck.
Phymatous
This subtype causes thickened, uneven skin that can appear swollen or rough in texture. It most commonly affects the nose, resulting in a condition known as rhinophyma, where the nose looks enlarged or bulbous. Though rare, it develops more often in men and can be treated with medical or surgical care.
Ocular
Ocular Rosacea targets the eyes, making them appear red, watery, or irritated. People may experience burning, stinging, a gritty feeling, and sensitivity to light. Left untreated, it can lead to eye complications like lid cysts or vision issues.
Common Signs of Rosacea
Symptoms usually appear after age 30 and can vary from person to person. The severity may also change over time. Common rosacea symptoms include:
Recognizable Signs
Persistent Facial Redness: A constant red appearance across the central face that doesn't fade.
Skin Thickening on the Nose: In some cases, excess tissue builds up, especially around the nose, leading to a swollen or enlarged look.
Major Signs
Frequent Flushing: Sudden redness and a warm or burning sensation that often comes and goes.
Red or Pus-Filled Bumps: Pimple-like spots may appear on the face, sometimes mistaken for acne, but without blackheads.
Visible Facial Veins: Tiny blood vessels, also known as spider veins, may become enlarged and noticeable on the cheeks, nose, or nearby areas.
Eye-Related Issues: Watery, irritated eyes and swollen eyelids are common and may affect vision.
Other Possible Symptoms
Burning or Stinging Skin: The skin may feel hot, tingly, or irritated without visible redness or breakouts.
Facial Swelling: Some individuals experience puffiness or raised red areas unrelated to the surrounding skin.
Dry or Flaky Texture: Despite feeling oily, the center of the face might look rough or have a scaly surface.
Triggers of Rosacea
The exact cause of Rosacea remains unknown, but it may stem from genetics, an overactive immune system, or certain lifestyle factors. Triggers can vary from person to person, but some common triggers include:
Prolonged sun exposure
Extreme temperatures (hot or cold)
Alcohol consumption
Spicy or piping-hot foods
Vigorous physical activity
Emotional stress
Certain cosmetic, skincare, or hair products
Rosacea Treatment Options
While Rosacea has no cure, you can manage its symptoms through the following options:
Everyday Care
These self-care measures can help to alleviate symptoms and prevent flare-ups:
Know Your Triggers: Pay attention to what causes your Rosacea to flare up—certain foods, weather conditions, or skincare products. Once you identify your triggers, avoiding them and reducing future flare-ups is easier.
Use Daily Sun Protection: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, even when it's cloudy. Reapply every two hours, especially after sweating or spending time outdoors.
Be Gentle With Your Skin: Clean your face twice daily with a mild, non-soap cleanser and follow it with a hydrating moisturizer. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing your face, as it can aggravate rosacea symptoms.
Laser Treatment
Laser therapy is a gentle, no-downtime treatment that helps reduce visible redness, inflammation, and broken capillaries—all while being safe for all skin tones. One advanced option is the Neo Elite Aerolase, which uses a 650-microsecond Nd:YAG laser to precisely target blood vessels and inflammation without overheating the skin. Laser treatments are often more effective than topical or oral medications for managing rosacea and can be a great addition to your treatment plan if you want long-term results and smoother, clearer skin.
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) says that most people see a 50 to 75 percent reduction in visible blood vessels after just 1 to 3 treatments, and some even see a complete 100 percent reduction. Treatments are typically done about 3 to 4 weeks apart.
Before pursuing this treatment, consult your healthcare provider to weigh the pros and cons. While most people experience only mild side effects like redness or swelling, those with darker skin tones may face pigmentation changes, so proper aftercare and guidance are essential.
Complementary Approaches
Adding a gentle facial massage to your daily routine may help ease discomfort and promote better circulation. Simply use your fingertips to make small, circular motions, starting from the center of your face and moving outward toward your ears.
Emotionally, Rosacea can be challenging and may lead to feelings of self-consciousness or embarrassment. Speaking with a counselor or joining a support group in person or online can provide emotional relief and help you connect with others going through similar experiences.
Medications
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved medications for treating Rosacea. Your dermatologist may prescribe one or a combination of these medications, depending on your symptoms:
Topical Gels for Redness: For those who experience frequent flushing, topical gels like brimonidine or oxymetazoline can help reduce it by narrowing blood vessels in the skin. Other options include azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea), metronidazole (Metrogel, Noritate), and ivermectin (Soolantra).
Oral Antibiotics for Moderate to Severe Cases: Doctors may recommend oral antibiotics like doxycycline for persistent bumps and swelling. These medications help control severe flare-ups and reduce skin irritation from within.
Oral Acne Medications for Severe Symptoms: If other treatments don't work, a dermatologist may recommend isotretinoin, a strong oral medication for severe acne. Due to its possible side effects, especially during pregnancy, doctors closely monitor patients on this treatment.
Conclusion
Managing Rosacea takes more than just treating the visible symptoms—it starts with understanding your skin's unique needs. You can take meaningful steps toward clearer, calmer skin by recognizing early signs of Rosacea, identifying your triggers, and exploring effective rosacea treatment options.
At Provenance Aesthetics & Wellness, we offer personalized solutions, including advanced treatments like Neo Elite Aerolase laser therapy, to help you manage rosacea safely and effectively. Let’s work together to create a plan that helps you feel confident and comfortable in your skin again.
Schedule a free consultation with us today—we’re ready to help you get started.
FAQs
How Long Do Laser or Light Therapy Results Typically Last?
Laser and light therapies can treat visible blood vessels, with results lasting 3 to 5 years. While those vessels rarely return, new ones may appear, and skin thickening can recur. Your dermatologist may suggest ongoing care or additional treatments.
At What Age Does Rosacea Usually Begin?
Rosacea often starts between the ages of 30 and 60. It's more common in women, especially during menopause, and those with fair skin.
When is It Time To See a Healthcare Provider?
If you notice symptoms like redness, swelling, or discomfort, it's best to consult your provider. Early treatment can help prevent symptoms from worsening.
How is Rosacea Different From a Lupus Rash?
Lupus rashes are usually red, scaly, and itchy, while Rosacea causes bumpy, swollen skin with visible redness. Unlike Rosacea, lupus can lead to scarring and more serious health issues.
Which Foods Might Trigger a Rosacea Flare-Up?
Spicy foods may cause flares in some people. Since triggers vary, tracking your symptoms and avoiding what personally affects you is important.
How Long Before I See Results From Treatment?
It may take a few weeks to months to see improvement. Your provider will monitor your progress and may adjust your treatment plan as symptoms improve.
Can I Use Makeup To Cover Rosacea?
Yes, makeup like green-tinted moisturizers and oil-free concealers can help hide redness. Choose fragrance-free and sensitive-skin formulas to avoid irritation, and opt for products with built-in sunscreen for added protection.